Langkah-langkah Dasar dalam Penelitian Ilmiah
Abstract
Scientific research is the main pillar in the development of science, education, and technology, as it serves as a systematic means to test, develop, and validate existing theories. However, many students and novice academics still lack a systematic understanding of the steps involved in scientific research, which negatively affects the quality of scholarly work and reduces publication productivity. This study aims to describe and analyze the basic steps in scientific research and emphasize their urgency in improving research quality in higher education institutions. The method used is qualitative research with a library research approach, involving a review of literature from research methodology books, national and international journal articles indexed by Sinta and Scopus, as well as relevant academic documents. The findings show that the success of scientific research is determined by the coherence between each stage of the research process, starting from problem formulation, systematic literature review, to valid data analysis and interpretation. Comprehensive methodological understanding has been proven to enhance the validity, reliability, and relevance of research findings. Moreover, the application of practical methodology learning, continuous research mentoring, and interdisciplinary collaboration has proven effective in strengthening a culture of research integrity. Thus, mastering the basic steps of scientific research is a prerequisite for improving the quality of research and academic reputation within higher education institutions.
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Chakravartty, A. (2023). Scientific Knowledge vs. Knowledge of Science: Public Understanding and Science in Society. Science and Education, 32(6), 1795–1812. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-022-00376-6
Chen, C., Gong, X., Liu, Z., Jiang, W., Goh, S. Q., & Lam, K.-Y. (2025). AI Safety Landscape for Large Language Models: Taxonomy, State-of-the-art, and Future Directions. Proceedings of Make Sure to Enter the Correct Conference Title from Your Rights Confirmation Emai (Conference Acronym ’XX), 1(1). http://arxiv.org/abs/2408.12935
Diaba-Nuhoho, P., & Amponsah-Offeh, M. (2021). Reproducibility and research integrity: the role of scientists and institutions. BMC Research Notes, 14(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-021-05875-3
Diana, N., Yohannes, & Sukma, Y. (2021). The effectiveness of implementing project-based learning (PjBL) model in STEM education: A literature review. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1882(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1882/1/012146
Efendi, F., Purnobasuki, H., Harisanty, D., Oktariningtias, D. A., & Khairunnisa, S. (2024). Mentorship program to elevate journal quality and rankings in Indonesia: a case study. Science Editing, 11(2), 149–154. https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.344
Erlinda, R., & Dewi, M. P. (2022). Undergraduate Students ’ Difficulties in Mastering Research Methodology Course in Islamic Higher Education. 6(3), 739–747.
Gunawan, M. A., Maulida, M., & Fitri, A. (2025). Bridging The Publication Gap Through A Mentor – Mentee Program in Islamic Higher Education. 04(02), 130–142.
Indonesia, J. P. (2024). The Influence of Metacognitive Strategy and Students ’ Reading Interest Toward Reading Comprehension Achievement of The Tenth-Grade Students of SMA Negeri 1 Pagar Alam. 5(12), 1634–1641.
Kafulillah, D. S., & Sartika, S. B. (2023). Concept Understanding Level of Junior High School Students on Substance Pressure Material. 56, 581–591.
Kozok, U., & Siaputra, I. B. (2023). Improving Integrity in Research and Higher Education: An Indonesian Perspective [Meningkatkan Integritas Dalam Riset dan Pendidikan Tinggi: Sebuah Perspektif Indonesia]. ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal, 38(1), 038102. https://doi.org/10.24123/aipj.v38i1.5490
Krauss, A. (2024). Debunking revolutionary paradigm shifts: evidence of cumulative scientific progress across science. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 480(2302). https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2024.0141
Li, J., & Huang, W. (2019). Paradigm shift in science with tackling global challenges. National Science Review, 6(6), 1091–1093. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz155
Li, Y., Xiao, Y., Wang, K., Zhang, N., Pang, Y., Wang, R., Qi, C., Yuan, Z., Xu, J., Nite, S. B., & Star, J. R. (2022). A systematic review of high impact empirical studies in STEM education. International Journal of STEM Education, 9(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-022-00389-1
Maysani, R., & Pujiastuti, H. (2020). ANALISIS KESULITAN MAHASISWA DALAM MATA KULIAH STATISTIKA DESKRIPTIF. Analisis Kesulitan Mahasiswa Dalam Mata Kuliah Statistika Deskriptif, 4(1), 32–49.
Melani, M., & Susanti, I. (2021). The Analysis of Mastering of Concepts and Misconceptions in Elementary Teacher Education Students. 10(1), 163–171. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v10i1.26740
Munawaroh, D. A., Degeng, I. N. S., Praherdhiono, H., & Kuswandi, D. (2022). Challenges in Developing Research Culture on Madrasah Students 13-14 Years Old in Indonesia. Special Education, 1(43), 2929–2937. https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=2376f8af-bc6b-31d7-ac84-f7f09cbef966
Ngabiyanto, N., Seftyono, C., Purwati, P. D., Utomo, A. P. Y., Saputro, I. H., Pramono, D., Kesuma, R. G., & Islamy, A. B. D. (2025). Challenges and Opportunities in Increasing Scientific Publications in Indonesian Universities (Issue Icei 2024). Atlantis Press SARL. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-360-3_57
Noor, I. H. (2010). Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat pada Perguruan Tinggi. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, 16(3), 285–297. https://doi.org/10.24832/jpnk.v16i3.462
Nurhidayat, W., Surahman, E., & Sujarwanto, E. (2023). The Effect of Conceptual Understanding Procedures Learning Model on Students ’ Higher Level Thinking Skills. 12(2), 386–394.
Patten, M. L., & Newhart, M. (2017). Understanding research methods: An overview of the essentials, tenth edition. Understanding Research Methods: An Overview of the Essentials, Tenth Edition, June 2017, 1–338. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315213033
Pengantar, K. (n.d.). LAPORAN KINERJA KEMENDIKBUDRISTEK.
Purwanto, J., Nasution, R. A., & Anggoro, Y. (2023). A Literature Review and Conceptual Framework on Corporate Strategic Foresight – What Value Created as a Source of Competitive Advantage in the Automotive Industry. Jurnal Manajemen Indonesia, 23(2), 221–240. https://doi.org/10.25124/jmi.v23i2.5631
Ridwan, M., AM, S., Ulum, B., & Muhammad, F. (2021). Pentingnya Penerapan Literature Review pada Penelitian Ilmiah. Jurnal Masohi, 2(1), 42–51. http://journal.fdi.or.id/index.php/jmas/article/view/356
Sayadi, D. S., & Pangandaman, H. K. (2025). Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia TECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED SCIENCE TEACHING FOR 21ST-CENTURY LEARNING : A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF EVIDENCE-BASED STRATEGIES AND THEIR ALIGNMENT WITH SDG 4. 14(3), 585–598. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v14i3.29379
Sum, M. Q., & Oancea, A. (2022). The use of technology in higher education teaching by academics during the COVID-19 emergency remote teaching period: a systematic review. In International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education (Vol. 19, Issue 1). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-022-00364-4
Yaman, A., Yoganingrum, A., Yaniasih, Y., & Riyanto, S. (2019). Tinjauan Pustaka Sistematis Pada Basis Data Pustaka Digital: Tren Riset, Metodologi, Dan Coverage Fields. Baca: Jurnal Dokumentasi Dan Informasi, 40(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.14203/j.baca.v40i1.481
Yamin, M. (2018). Kebijakan Literasi Untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Publikasi Di Perguruan Tinggi. JAS-PT Jurnal Analisis Sistem Pendidikan Tinggi, 2(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.36339/jaspt.v2i1.120
